冷中子小角散射是最近二十多年中发展起来的研究物质结构的一项新技术，可测量若干ｎｍ至数百ｎｍ范围内固体物质结构（位错、空洞、缺陷、颗粒系等）和磁结构的不均匀性，液体或胶体中的悬浮粒子，生物大分子和聚合物大分子的结构。在欧洲和美国的一些主要的研究性反应堆上已 Cold Neutron Small Angle Scattering is a new technique developed in recent twenty years to study the structure of matter. It can measure solid material structures (dislocations, voids, defects, particle systems, etc.) in the range of a few nm to several hundred nm and Inhomogeneity of magnetic structures, suspended particles in liquids or colloids, structures of biological macromolecules and polymer macromolecules. There are some major research reactors in Europe and the United States