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目的评价在中学生中开展预防艾滋病同伴教育活动的近期效果,探索预防和控制艾滋病健康教育的有效方法。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样法,在重庆市选择沙坪坝和江津2个区分别抽取2所中学,在每所学校整群抽取8个班级,并随机分配为干预组和对照组。干预组进行以班级为单位的预防艾滋病同伴教育,对照组不进行教育。结果学生对艾滋病三大主要传播途径掌握较好,教育后,各项艾滋病相关知识知晓率均有不同程度的提高,特别是在艾滋病的非传播途径及预防控制方面,效果尤为明显,且干预前后组内和干预后组间差别均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);干预前后学生对HIV/AIDS态度认同率改变,干预后学生对艾滋病病人的态度表现得均较为积极,且干预前后组内和干预后组间比较差别均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。对照组2次调查结果基本无明显变化(P值均>0.05)。结论预防艾滋病同伴教育活动近期效果明显,对预防与控制艾滋病具有重要意义。
Objective To evaluate the recent effect of AIDS prevention peer education among middle school students and explore effective ways to prevent and control HIV / AIDS health education. Methods A multistage cluster random sampling method was adopted. Two secondary schools were selected in Shapingba and Jiangjin districts of Chongqing. Eight classes were selected in each school and randomly assigned to intervention group and control group. The intervention group conducted AIDS prevention peer education with class as a unit, while the control group did not have education. Results The students had a good grasp of the three main routes of transmission of AIDS. After the education, the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge increased in varying degrees, especially in the non-transmission of AIDS and prevention and control, and the effect was particularly obvious. Before and after the intervention Before and after intervention, students ’recognition rate of attitude towards HIV / AIDS changed after intervention. Students’ attitudes toward AIDS patients after intervention were all more positive, and the differences between before and after intervention were statistically significant (P <0.05) Intra-group and inter-group differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The results of the second survey in the control group showed no significant changes (P> 0.05). Conclusion The prevention of AIDS peer education has obvious effect in the near future, which is of great significance in the prevention and control of AIDS.