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1944年初,日军在太平洋战场上已失去战略主动权。由于美国海空军的打击,日本本土与南洋群岛日军的海上联系已濒于断绝。在中国战场,美国空军第14航空队在1943年一年中,与日本空军为争夺制空权展开了激烈空战。美国空军的活动范围逐步由中国西南部扩展至东南地区,也对日本至南洋的海上运输线构成威胁。在此情况下,日本大本营为挽救其孤悬南洋的“南方军”,决心摧毁美军在中国的空军基地,并打通从中国东北直至越南的大陆交通,以建立起联系南洋的陆上通道。
In early 1944, the Japanese army lost the strategic initiative in the Pacific battlefield. Due to the attack by the U.S. navy and air force, the maritime links between the Japanese mainland and the Japanese islands in the South Pacific Islands have been severed. In the battlefield of China, the 14th Air Force of the U.S. Air Force conducted a fierce air war with the Japanese Air Force in the year of 1943 for fighting for airpower. The scope of the U.S. Air Force’s activities gradually expanded from southwestern China to the southeast and also posed a threat to the maritime transport lines from Japan to the South China Sea. Under such circumstances, the Japanese base camp was determined to destroy its southern China-lifted Southern Army by destroying the U.S. air base in China and opening up the mainland traffic from northeast China to Vietnam to establish a land-based channel linking the Nanyang.