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目的探讨中老年社区居民午睡频率与夜间睡眠的关系。方法 2010年9月—2011年3月,在上海市2个区5个居委会中随机抽取478名45～80岁的中老年社区居民进行面对面询问调查。分别采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)问卷评估受试者的睡眠质量,蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)问卷检测受试者的认知功能,自行设计问卷调查受试者的基本情况。根据午睡频率将受试者分为经常午睡组(≥3次/周)、偶尔午睡组(1～2次/周)和对照组(≤3次/月)。结果发放问卷478份,其中有效问卷443份,有效率92.68%。经常午睡组受试者的平均年龄和腰围均明显大于对照组(P<0.01),但认知总分明显低于对照组(P<0.01);经常午睡组受试者的文化程度、在职状况以及慢性病自报率与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。在调整了受试者的年龄、文化程度、在职状况、腰围、慢性病自报率以及认知评分等因素后,经常午睡组的睡眠障碍评分、日间功能评分以及PSQI总分均明显高于偶尔午睡组和对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);经常午睡组和偶尔午睡组的夜间睡眠床上总时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.01);三组的夜间上床到入睡时间、实际睡眠时间和睡眠效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论午睡频率增加和中老年人夜间睡眠质量自评差密切相关,无充分证据显示午睡频率与夜间睡眠时间特征指标有关。
Objective To explore the relationship between the frequency of nap and the nocturnal sleep among middle-aged and elderly residents. Methods From September 2010 to March 2011, 478 middle-aged and elderly community residents aged 45 to 80 were randomly selected from 5 neighborhood committees in two districts of Shanghai for face-to-face interrogation. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was used to assess the subjects’ sleep quality. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire was used to test the cognitive function of the subjects and the questionnaire was designed to investigate the basic conditions of the subjects. According to the nap frequency, the subjects were divided into the following groups: regular siesta (≥3 beats / week), occasional siesta (1-2 beats / week) and control group (≤3 beats / month). Results A total of 478 questionnaires were distributed, of which 443 were valid and 92.68% efficient. The average age and waist circumference of the subjects in the regular group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.01), but the scores of cognitive scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.01). The level of education, job status As well as the self-reported rate of chronic diseases compared with the control group were statistically significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). After adjusting for factors such as age, education, job status, waist circumference, self-reported chronic disease and cognitive score, the scores of sleep disorders, daytime functional scores and PSQI scores of the regular group were significantly higher than those of the occasional group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The total sleep time in the norm sleep group and the occasional napping group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P <0.01). In the three groups, the time to go to bed at night was significantly lower than that in the control group There was no significant difference in sleep time and sleep efficiency (P> 0.05). Conclusion The increased frequency of somnole is closely related to the self-assessment of nighttime sleep quality in middle-aged and elderly people. There is no sufficient evidence to show that the frequency of somnolence is related to the characteristics of nocturnal sleep time.