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照应(reference)是指用代词等语法手段来表示语义关系。从照应方式来看,它可以分为两大类:人称照应和指示照应。由于汉越人称照应衔接手段之间的差异,越南学生在学习汉语人称照应衔接手段时常常出现八类偏误:1.零形式照应误为人称代词照应;2.人称代词照应误为名词照应;3.名词照应误为人称代词照应;4.人称代词照应误为零形式照应;5.人称代词照应时人际关系照应角色不统一;6.零形式照应误为名词照应;7.名词照应误为零形式照应;8.人称代词照应“数”的不一致。据此,归纳出偏误分布特点并预测学生学习汉语人称照应手段存在的难点。
Reference refers to the use of pronouns and other grammatical means to represent the semantic relationship. From the way of looking at it, it can be divided into two categories: personal care and instructions. Due to the differences between Chinese and Vietnamese people’s means of cohesion and cohesion, Vietnamese students often encounter eight types of errors in learning Chinese cohesive devices: 1. Zero-type photos are mistaken for personal pronouns; 2. Personal pronouns are mistaken for nouns; (3) the mistranslation of personal pronouns should be regarded as personal pronouns; (4) the personal pronouns should be mistaken for zero forms of care; (5) the personal pronouns should be interpersonal relationship should not be uniform; Zero form of care; 8. Personal pronouns according to the “number” inconsistency. Based on this, the characteristics of the distribution of errors are summarized and the difficulty of students’ proficiency in learning Chinese is predicted.