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[目的]观察上海市金山区地表水挥发性有机物(VOCs)的健康风险,为水环境的管理提供依据。[方法]用气质联用仪测定上海市金山区15条主要河道中的VOCs,采用美国环保局(US EPA)推荐的致癌物和非致癌物所致的健康风险评估模型对采样点水环境进行健康风险评估。[结果]18个采样点中共检出12种VOCs,其中丁酮的检出率最高,为100%;1,4-二氯苯、丙酮、二硫化碳检出率最低,均为5.56%。检出浓度最高为丙酮(96.9μg/L),最低为二甲苯(0.09μg/L)。对于非致癌风险,18个采样点的风险水平均小于1,其中采样点9风险水平最高,达到0.267,主要是二氯甲烷饮水途径的风险,占总风险的81.7%。对于致癌风险,18个采样点的致癌风险水平均远小于10~(-4),有9个采样点的风险水平介于10~(-6)~10~(-4),致癌风险主要由二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、苯、1,2-二氯乙烷和1,4-二氯苯构成。[结论]该区研究期间地表水非致癌和致癌风险均低于US EPA推荐的限值,对人体的危害较低,可以认为该区的地表水环境是安全的。
[Objective] The research aimed to observe the health risks of surface volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Jinshan District, Shanghai, and provide the basis for the management of water environment. [Method] The VOCs of 15 major rivers in Jinshan District of Shanghai City were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The health risk assessment model based on the carcinogens and non-carcinogens recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Health risk assessment. [Result] Twelve kinds of VOCs were detected at 18 sampling points, of which the highest detection rate of butanone was 100%. The lowest detection rates of 1,4-dichlorobenzene, acetone and carbon disulfide were 5.56%. The highest concentration of acetone (96.9μg / L), the lowest of xylene (0.09μg / L). For non-carcinogenic risk, the risk level of 18 sampling points is less than 1, among which the highest risk level is 0.267 at sampling point 9, which is mainly the risk of dichloromethane drinking water channel, accounting for 81.7% of the total risk. The carcinogenic risk of 18 sampling points is far less than 10 ~ (-4) for carcinogenic risk. The risk level of 9 sampling points is between 10 ~ (-6) and 10 ~ (-4). The carcinogenic risk mainly consists of Dichloromethane, trichlorethylene, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,4-dichlorobenzene. [Conclusion] The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of surface water during the study period are lower than the limits recommended by the US EPA and the human body is less harmful. It can be considered that the surface water environment in the area is safe.