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呼吸机相关性肺损伤是机械通气的一种严重并发症，目前有不少研究探讨了成人肺保护性通气策略对呼吸机相关性肺损伤的预防和治疗作用，但对儿童的研究较为缺乏。文章综述儿童呼吸机相关性肺损伤病理生理机制及肺保护性通气策略的临床应用及研究进展。“,”Ventilator-induced lung injury is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation. At present a lot of researches have explored lung protective ventilation strategies to prevent and treat ventilator associated lung injury in adult. But researches on children are relatively rare. This article reviewed the pathophysiological mechanisms of pediatric ventilator-induced lung inju-ry and the clinical application of lung protective ventilation strategies in children.