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在中学化学教学中,三酸即盐酸、硫酸和硝酸是讲述的重点,也是要学生全面掌握的基础知识之一。在教学中不少同志对浓硫酸、稀硝酸和浓硝酸具有氧化性,而盐酸、稀硫酸不具有氧化性等问题,在理解和掌握上有一定困难。下面就这方面问题谈谈自己的看法。严格来说,任何一种酸都具有氧化性,从酸与活泼金属的反应:M+nH~+=M~(?)+(n/2)H_2↑来看,金属原子在反应中失去电子,H在反应中获得电子,所以做为提供H~+的酸,在此类反应中皆为氧化剂,表现了酸的氧化性。我们在中学教学中常说的酸的氧化性不是从H~+被还原的角度来讲的,而是指酸分子的整体或酸根而言的。
In chemistry teaching in secondary schools, three acids namely hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid are the focus of the narration, but also one of the basics to fully grasp the students. In teaching many comrades on the concentrated sulfuric acid, dilute nitric acid and concentrated nitric acid oxidation, and hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid does not have oxidation and other issues, there are some difficulties in understanding and mastery. Let’s talk about my own views on this issue. Strictly speaking, any kind of acid is oxidative. From the reaction between acid and active metal: M + nH ~ + = M ~ (?) + (N / 2) H_2 ↑, the metal atom loses electrons in the reaction , H obtained in the reaction of electrons, so as to provide H ~ + acid, in such reactions are all oxidants, showing the acid oxidation. We often used in secondary school teaching acid oxidation is not H ~ + reduction point of view, but refers to the overall acid or acid radical terms.