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连续两年采用正交设计,研究了大喇叭口期追施氮肥、开花期浇水、不同氮肥施用量以及施用时期对不同品种粒重的影响效应。结果表明:品种自身的遗传特性是导致粒重差异的主要因素,高淀粉玉米品种对氮素的需求量高于普通玉米,粒重对氮肥施用量的反应较氮肥施用时期敏感。Logistic方程拟合表明,处理间单粒重的差异主要在授粉40 d之后,受处理方式影响幅度较大的3个灌浆特征参数为缓增期灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率和快增期灌浆速率,较小的3个特征参数为灌浆持续期、缓增持续期和最大灌浆速率出现时间。相关及通径分析表明,粒重主要受平均灌浆速率的直接影响,较高的平均灌浆速率是获得高粒重的前提,而平均灌浆速率提高的根本在于提高渐增期灌浆速率;灌浆持续期对粒重的直接影响效应非常小,其对粒重的影响主要是通过其他灌浆参数间接实现。
Orthogonal design was used for two consecutive years to study the effect of topdressing nitrogen on big bellmouths, watering at flowering stage, application amount of different nitrogen fertilizers and application period on grain weight of different varieties. The results showed that the genetic characteristics of cultivars were the main factors leading to differences in grain weight. The demand of high-starch corn varieties for nitrogen was higher than that for normal maize. The response of grain weight to nitrogen application was more sensitive than that of nitrogen application. Logistic equation fitting showed that the difference of single grain weight among the treatments was mainly at the 40th day after pollination, and the three grouting characteristic parameters, which were greatly affected by the treatment method, were the filling rate, the maximum filling rate and the filling rate in the period of rapid increase, The three smaller characteristic parameters are grouting duration, increasing duration and maximum filling rate. Correlation and path analysis showed that the grain weight was mainly affected by the average grain filling rate directly. The higher average grain filling rate was the prerequisite for obtaining high grain weight, while the increase of average grain filling rate was mainly due to the increase of grain filling rate. The grain filling duration The direct effect on grain weight effect is very small, its impact on grain weight is mainly achieved indirectly through other grouting parameters.