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社会分层是社会学的基本概念之一,马克思主义的阶级分析方法是社会分层理论的一种。毛泽东在领导中国革命和社会主义建设的过程中,把马克思主义的阶级分析方法和中国半殖民地半封建社会的实际相结合,提出了关于中国社会分层的系统理论,为中国共产党制定正确的路线、方针、政策提供了依据,指导中国革命走向了胜利。当前的中国,伴随着改革开放的深入,社会现代化快速发展,社会结构急剧变化,新的社会利益关系格局也逐步形成,社会变迁及社会结构和利益的分化导致社会不同群体的对立和冲突日益加剧,我国社会正进入一个高风险时期,整个社会的安全、和谐运行面临着极大的挑战,社会分层与社会和谐已经成为一个重大的理论和现实问题。因此,对毛泽东社会分层思想进行梳理和归纳,借鉴其精髓,对建设社会主义和谐社会具有重要的启示。
Social stratification is one of the basic concepts of sociology. Marxist class analysis is a kind of social stratification theory. In the process of leading the Chinese revolution and building socialism, Mao Zedong put forward the systematic theory of stratification in China by combining the Marxist class analysis method with the reality of China’s semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and set the correct course for the Chinese Communist Party. Policy and policy provide the basis for guiding the Chinese revolution to victory. At present, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the rapid development of social modernization, the drastic changes in social structure and the new pattern of social interest relations, the social changes and the differentiation of social structures and interests have led to the increasing antagonism and conflicts among different groups in society . Our country’s society is entering a period of high risk. The entire society faces great challenges in its safe and harmonious operation. Social stratification and social harmony have become a major theoretical and practical issue. Therefore, to sort out and conclude Mao Zedong’s social stratification thought and learn from its essence, it has important enlightenment to the construction of a harmonious socialist society.