Objective: To use high-frequency ultrasound to evaluate the efficacy of α-lipoic acid combined with traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), so as to provide a basis for clinical medication and evaluation of therapeutic effect. Methods: From December 2018 to December 2019, 110 patients with DPN who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into observation group and control group according to different treatment plans. The control group was treated with α-lipoic acid, and the observation group was treated with α-lipoic acid combined with traditional Chinese medicine encapsulation treatment, and used high-frequency ultrasound, nerve conduction velocity and serological examination to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the two treatment methods. Results: The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) value of the observation group and the control group after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05); After treatment, the SCV of the ulnar nerve, median nerve, and common peroneal nerve in the two groups was significantly faster than before treatment (P<0.05). Similar to SCV, the MCV of the three nerves measured after treatment in the two groups was significantly faster than before treatment (P<0.05). Compared between the groups after treatment, the three kinds of nerve SCV and MCV in the observation group were significantly faster than those in the control group (P<0.05).The cross-sectional area (CSA) value of the ulnar nerve, median nerve and common peroneal nerve in the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05).Compared with the control group after treatment, the three nerves CSA in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).Abnormal ultrasound performance: The proportion of abnormal ultrasound performances of the ulnar nerve, median nerve, and common peroneal nerve in the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05). The composition ratio of internal echo reduction and ambiguity in the observation group after three nerve treatments was significantly lower than that in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). In the correlation analysis, the three kinds of nerve CSA before and after treatment were negatively correlated with SCV and amplitude (P <0.05), and positively correlated with latency (P <0.05). Conclusion: The combination of -lipoic acid and Chinese medicine encapsulation technology has a good effect on the treatment and repair of DPN nerve damage, and can be routinely applied in clinical treatment. High-frequency ultrasound can intuitively observe changes in peripheral nerves and can be used to evaluate the prognosis of DPN.