冷浸田以渍水与低磷低钾为重要特征。通过田间试验,研究了开沟排渍与优化施肥耦合对冷浸田生产力及水稻籽粒氨基酸品质的影响。试验设4个处理:1不开沟,习惯施肥(CK);2不开沟,高磷钾配方肥(PF);3简易开沟+习惯施肥(KG+XG);4简易开沟+高磷钾配方肥(KG+PF)。结果表明,PF、KG+XG与KG+PF处理均不同程度提高了水稻分蘖盛期叶片光合色素含量,并以KG+PF处理最为明显,成熟期上述三者处理的水稻籽粒产量分别比CK增产4.7%、15.4%、19.8%,差异均显著,开沟排渍与优化施肥分别增产14.9%与4.1%。PF、KG+XG与KG+PF处理的必需氨基酸较CK增幅1.3%~8.3%,其中以KG+PF处理最高,差异显著;简易开沟不同程度降低了水稻分蘖期稻田土壤的还原性物质含量,其中,KG+PF与CK处理的活性还原性物质及Fe2+含量差异显著,且其土体锈纹锈斑明显。籽粒产量与>3.5 mm团聚体数量呈显著正相关而与1~0.5 mm及0.5~0.25 mm团聚体数量呈极显著负相关,与土壤活性还原性物质及亚铁含量呈极显著负相关。综上,冷浸田开沟排渍增产效应明显高于优化施肥,二者对水稻产量增产表现为叠加效应,优化施肥对提高水稻籽粒氨基酸品质效果明显。 Cold paddy field with waterlogging and low phosphorus and low potassium as the important characteristics. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of coupling of ditching row with optimal fertilization on productivity and amino acid quality in rice field. The experiment set up 4 treatments: 1 not ditching, accustomed to fertilizing (CK); 2 not ditching, high phosphorus and potassium formula fertilizer (PF); 3 simple ditching + conventional fertilization (KG + XG); 4 simple ditching + Phosphorus potassium fertilizer (KG + PF). The results showed that PF, KG + XG and KG + PF increased leaf photosynthetic pigment content at different stages of tillering stage, and the treatment with KG + PF was the most obvious. The grain yield of the above three treatments were increased at maturity 4.7%, 15.4% and 19.8%, respectively. The differences between the row and row ditches and optimized fertilization were 14.9% and 4.1% respectively. The essential amino acids of PF, KG + XG and KG + PF increased by 1.3% ~ 8.3% compared with CK, among which the treatment with KG + PF had the highest difference, and the difference was significant. Simple trenching reduced the content of reducing substance in rice soil at tillering stage , Among which KG + PF and CK had significant differences in the content of active reducing substances and Fe2 +, and their soil rust rust spots were obvious. There was a significant positive correlation between grain yield and the number of aggregates> 3.5 mm, a very significant negative correlation with the number of aggregates of 1 ~ 0.5 mm and 0.5 ~ 0.25 mm, and a significant negative correlation with soil active reductive substances and ferrous content. In conclusion, the yield-increasing effects of ditching and drainage in cold-paddy fields were significantly higher than those of optimized fertilization. Both of them showed a superposition effect on the yield increase of rice yield. The optimized fertilization had an obvious effect on improving the amino acid quality of rice grain.