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通过6年的定位试验,对下辽河平原不同磷肥用量条件下,土壤养分库的建立及磷肥的肥料效应、土壤磷的自然释放速率等进行了研究。结果表明:磷肥可以提高作物的产量,且对大豆的增产幅度大于玉米,但磷肥年用量超过25kg·hm-2时,增产效果不明显;磷肥也可以提高作物的养分移出量,但养分移出量增加的比例大于作物产量增加的比例;磷肥利用率随着磷肥用量的增加而减小,当磷肥年用量为25kg·hm-2时,磷肥利用率约为30%,但残留磷肥转化为有效磷的比例随着磷肥用量的增加而增大;磷肥施入土壤后,残留磷肥转化为迟效磷的比例高达80%,且残留磷肥转化为迟效磷的量随着磷肥用量的增加而增加,这对于构建土壤磷库有重要意义。
Through six years of location experiment, the establishment of soil nutrient pool and the fertilizer effect of phosphorus fertilizer and the natural release rate of soil phosphorus were studied under different phosphorus fertilizer rates in the lower Liaohe Plain. The results showed that the phosphate fertilizer could increase the yield of crops and increase the yield of soybean more than that of corn. However, the yield increase was not obvious when the annual phosphorus fertilizer was more than 25kg · hm-2. The phosphorus fertilizer could also increase the crop nutrient release, The proportion of P fertilizer application increased with the increase of P application rate. When P application rate was 25 kg · hm-2, the P utilization ratio was about 30%, but the residual phosphate fertilizer was converted to P Of the total phosphorus content increased with the increase of the amount of phosphate fertilizer. After the phosphate fertilizer was applied to the soil, the proportion of residual phosphate fertilizer converted to delayed-release phosphorus was as high as 80%, and the amount of residual phosphate fertilizer converted to delayed-available phosphorus increased with the increase of the amount of phosphate fertilizer. This is of great significance to the construction of soil phosphate pool.