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[目的]研究饮水氯化消毒副产物中主要成分氯仿(CHCl3)和一溴二氯甲烷(BDCM)对斑马鱼(zebrafish,daniorerio)胚胎发育的毒性效应。[方法]采用斑马鱼胚胎发育技术,分别用不同质量浓度的CHCl3和BDCM对受精后0h(0hpf)和24h(24hpf)的斑马鱼胚胎进行染毒。在染毒后4、8、12、16、24、48h进行胚胎活体摄影,并分别计算CHCl3及BDCM对斑马鱼胚胎染毒后24h和48h的半数致死浓度(LC50)和半数致畸效应浓度(EC50)。[结果]0hpf斑马鱼胚胎CHCl3和BDCM的LC50分别为0.814mg/L和1.945mg/L。24hpf胚胎CHCl3和BDCM染毒的LC50分别为1.076mg/L和2.676mg/L。斑马鱼胚胎对CHCl3最敏感的致畸毒理学终点为48h无心律和心胞囊肿,其0hpf斑马鱼胚胎试验发现,48h无心律和心胞囊肿的EC50分别为0.39mg/L和0.35mg/L;而24hpf斑马鱼胚胎试验发现,48h无心律和心胞囊肿的EC50分别为0.77mg/L和0.63mg/L。对BDCM最敏感的致畸毒理学终点也是48h无心律和心胞囊肿,与CHCl3相似,但在0hpf斑马鱼胚胎试验中上述两项指标的EC50分别为0.81mg/L和0.72mg/L,在24hpf斑马鱼胚胎试验中分别为3.52mg/L和3.17mg/L。[结论]CHCl3和BDCM对0hpf斑马鱼胚胎的毒性均大于对24hpf胚胎的毒性;CHCl3的发育毒性大于BDCM。斑马鱼胚胎对CHCl3和BDCM致畸效应最敏感的终点为48h无心律和心胞囊肿。
[Objective] To study the toxic effects of CHCl3 and BDCM on the embryonic development of zebrafish (daniorerio) embryos in drinking water chlorination byproducts. [Method] With zebrafish embryo development technique, zebrafish embryos were inoculated with different concentrations of CHCl3 and BDCM at 0h (0hpf) and 24h (24hpf) after fertilization. Embryos were photographed at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 48h after exposure. LC50 and half teratogenic concentrations of CHCl3 and BDCM at 24h and 48h after exposure to zebrafish embryos were calculated EC50). [Results] The LC50 of 0hpf zebrafish embryos CHCl3 and BDCM were 0.814mg / L and 1.945mg / L, respectively. The LC50 of 24hpf embryo CHCl3 and BDCM were 1.076mg / L and 2.676mg / L, respectively. The zebrafish embryos most sensitive to teratogenicity of CHCl3 end point of 48h without heart rhythm and cardiac cysts, 0hpf zebrafish embryo test found that 48h without heart rhythm and cardiac cysts EC50 were 0.39mg / L and 0.35mg / L ; While 24hpf zebrafish embryo test found that 48h without heart rhythm and cardiac cysts EC50 were 0.77mg / L and 0.63mg / L. The most sensitive teratogenic toxicology end point for BDCM was also 48 h without heart rhythm and cardiac cysts similar to CHCl3 but with EC50 of 0.81 mg / L and 0.72 mg / L in the 0hpf zebrafish embryo test, respectively 24hpf zebrafish embryo tests were 3.52mg / L and 3.17mg / L respectively. [Conclusion] The toxicity of CHCl3 and BDCM to 0hpf zebrafish embryos was greater than that to 24hpf embryo. The developmental toxicity of CHCl3 was greater than that of BDCM. The most sensitive end point of zebrafish embryo to teratogenic effect of CHCl3 and BDCM was 48h without heart rhythm and cardiac cysts.