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传统意义上的水利工程学作为一门重要的工程学科,以建设水工建筑物为手段,目的是改造和控制河流,以满足人们防洪和水资源利用等多种需求。现代科学发展使我们认识到,传统意义上的水利工程学在力图满足人的需求时,却在不同程度上忽视了河流生态系统本身的需求。而河流生态系统的功能退化,也会给人们的长远利益带来损害。未来的水利工程在权衡社会经济需求与生态系统平衡健康需求这二者关系方面,在强调水利工程在满足人类社会需求的同时,更应兼顾水域生态系统的健康和可持续性。
As an important engineering discipline, water conservancy engineering in the traditional sense takes the construction of hydraulic structures as a means to transform and control rivers so as to meet people’s needs of flood control and water resources utilization. The development of modern science has made us realize that the hydraulic engineering in the traditional sense has neglected the demand of the river ecosystem itself to some extent when trying to meet the human demand. The degradation of the function of river ecosystems will also bring harm to people’s long-term interests. In terms of the relationship between socio-economic needs and the balanced health needs of ecosystems, future water conservancy projects emphasize that water conservancy projects should meet the needs of human society and at the same time, should balance the health and sustainability of water ecosystems.