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目的分析天津市流感确诊病例的流行病学分布特征并评估其疾病负担。方法对2015年天津市流感确诊病例进行流行病学调查,统计分析其流行病学特征及疾病负担。结果共调查837例确诊病例,临床症状以发热(100.00%)及咳嗽(80.65%)为主,8.60%的病例出现并发症,4.78%的病例住院治疗,有15.89%的患者有明确接触史,流感门诊病例直接及间接经济负担的中位数分别为350.00元及208.95元。住院病例直接及间接经济负担的中位数分别为8 650.00元及417.90元。住院病例直接和间接经济负担均大于门诊病例(Z=5.939,P=0.000;Z=2.560,P=0.000)。发病与就诊时间间隔与并发症发生率以及疾病直接花费均呈正相关(r_(spearman)=0.404,P=0.000;r_(spearman=)0.128,P=0.000)。结论流感确诊病例除发热外以咳嗽症状为主,主要并发症是肺炎。及时就诊和早期使用抗流感病毒药物,防止并发症发生,减少住院可以有效降低流感的疾病负担。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological distribution of influenza in Tianjin and evaluate its burden of disease. Methods Epidemiological investigation was made on the confirmed cases of influenza in Tianjin in 2015. The epidemiological characteristics and disease burden were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 837 confirmed cases were diagnosed. Clinical symptoms were mainly fever (100.00%) and cough (80.65%). Complications were found in 8.6% of cases, hospitalizations of 4.78%, 15.89% of patients had definite exposure history, The median direct and indirect financial burden of influenza outpatient cases were $ 350.00 and $ 208.95 respectively. The median direct and indirect financial burden of inpatient cases were 8 650.00 yuan and 417.90 yuan respectively. The direct and indirect financial burden of inpatients were greater than that of outpatients (Z = 5.939, P = 0.000; Z = 2.560, P = 0.000). The time between onset and treatment was positively correlated with the complication rate and the direct cost of the disease (r spearman = 0.404, P = 0.000; r spearman = 0.128, P = 0.000). Conclusions In addition to fever, the most commonly diagnosed cases of influenza were cough. The main complication was pneumonia. Timely treatment and early use of anti-influenza virus drugs to prevent complications and reduce hospitalization can effectively reduce the burden of influenza disease.