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目的了解深圳市桃源居社区人群脑卒中的危险因素、暴露水平及其分布特征。方法采取整群抽样横断面调查方法,对该社区40~80岁3 954名居民进行脑卒中风险评估量表的问卷调查和实验室、颈动脉超声及体格检查。结果高血压病、心脏病、吸烟、高血脂、糖尿病、很少进行体育活动、肥胖、脑卒中家族史等危险因素的暴露率分别为19.9%、3.4%、12.0%、42.9%、6.7%、19.1%、20.2%、11.6%;除心脏病外,男性危险因素暴露率高于女性(P<0.01或0.05)。高血压病、心脏病、高血脂、糖尿病、体育活动少、肥胖等高危因素的暴露率随年龄增长而上升(P<0.01或0.05);高血压病、心脏病、吸烟、脑卒中家族史等危险因素在不同教育水平上的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05)。在高危人群中,与男性相比,女性高血压、心脏病暴露率高,吸烟少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05)。结论该社区脑卒中危险因素主要为高血脂、肥胖和高血压病,危险因素暴露水平与性别、年龄、教育水平有关,为有效干预提供依据。
Objective To understand the risk factors, the level of exposure and the distribution characteristics of stroke in Shenzhen Taoyuanju community. Methods A cluster sampling cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the stroke risk assessment scale and the laboratory, carotid artery ultrasound and physical examination of 3 954 residents aged 40-80 years in this community. Results The exposure rates of hypertension, heart disease, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, few physical activity, obesity, and family history of stroke were 19.9%, 3.4%, 12.0%, 42.9%, 6.7% 19.1%, 20.2% and 11.6% respectively. Except heart disease, the risk of male exposure was higher than that of female (P <0.01 or 0.05). Hypertension, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, physical activity, obesity and other risk factors increased with age (P <0.01 or 0.05); hypertension, heart disease, smoking, family history of stroke, etc. The distribution of risk factors at different levels of education was statistically significant (P <0.01 or 0.05). Compared with men, the risk of hypertension and heart disease was higher in high-risk groups than in men, with less smoking, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions The risk factors for stroke in this community are mainly hyperlipidemia, obesity and hypertension. The exposure of risk factors is related to sex, age and education level, and provide the basis for effective intervention.