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为准确掌握中国沿海口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)种群遗传结构、合理开发利用其资源,采用线粒体DNA(mt DNA)细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(COⅠ)序列分析方法检测东海海域(庙子湖岛、南韭山、大陈岛、南麂岛)口虾蛄种群遗传多样性,并与黄渤海群体和南海群体进行比较分析(基因序列来源于Gen Bank)。经PCR扩增与测序获得100条658 bp的东海海域口虾蛄COⅠ基因序列,基于这些序列分析得到的变异位点数、单倍型数、单倍型多样性指数与核苷酸多样性指数分别为60、60、0.963±0.011和0.005 94±0.000 44,分析认为东海海域口虾蛄具有较高的单倍型多样性和较高的核苷酸多样性。单倍型分子系统树、分子方差分析及两两群体间的遗传分化系数(Fst)分析结果表明,东海海域口虾蛄遗传变异主要来自于群体内(Fst=﹣0.007 78,P>0.05),各地理群体间遗传分化不显著,Fst值范围为﹣0.016 53~﹣0.009 08(P>0.05),它们可能进行了一定程度的基因交流;通过与黄渤海群体及南海群体基因序列比较分析,口虾蛄东海群体、黄渤海群体与南海群体遗传变异主要来自于群体间(Fst=0.849 71,P<0.01),且单倍型分子系统树存在2个显著分化的单倍型类群。东海群体与黄渤海群体间存在显著的遗传分化(Fst=0.884 58,P<0.01),而与南海群体间不存在显著的遗传分化(Fst=0.020 44,P>0.05),这种遗传结构模式可能与历史上的气候变化及所处海域海洋环境条件相关。建议今后对中国沿海口虾蛄资源进行开发利用时,将黄渤海群体看作一个管理单元,东海群体与南海群体看作一个管理单元。
In order to accurately understand the genetic structure of the population of Oratosquilla oratoria in China and to develop and utilize its resources reasonably, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ (COⅠ) Genjiao, Dikeshan, Dachen Island and Nanji Island), and compared with the populations of Huang-Bohai Sea and South China Sea (Gen Bank). The COⅠ gene sequences of 100 pairs of 658 bp ESTs in the East China Sea were obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing. Based on the COⅠ gene sequences, the number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity index and nucleotide diversity index 60, 60, 0.963 ± 0.011 and 0.005 94 ± 0.00044, respectively. It is concluded that the shrimp in the East China Sea has higher haplotype diversity and higher nucleotide diversity. Haplotype molecular phylogenetic tree, molecular variance analysis and genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) analysis between two populations showed that the genetic variation of the shrimp in the East China Sea mainly came from within the population (Fst = -0.00778, P> 0.05) The genetic differentiation was not significant among the geographical populations. The Fst values ranged from -0.016 53 to -0.009 08 (P> 0.05), and they may have some degree of gene exchange. By comparing with the sequences of Huang Bohai Sea and South China Sea, The genetic variation of the shrimp shrimp from the East China Sea, Huang-Bohai Sea and South China Sea was mainly from the population (Fst = 0.849 71, P <0.01), and the haplotype molecular phylogenetic tree showed two significantly differentiated haplotypes. There was a significant genetic differentiation between the populations of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea (Fst = 0.884 58, P <0.01), but no significant genetic differentiation with the South China Sea population (Fst = 0.020 44, P> 0.05) It may be related to the historical climate change and the marine environment in the sea area. In the future, it is suggested that the Huang-Bohai Group should be regarded as a management unit for the development and utilization of the coastal shrimp and shrimp resources in China. The East Sea and South China Sea groups should be regarded as a management unit.