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目的:了解武汉市中学生在使用苯二氮艹卓(benzodiazepine,BZD)类药物中出现的心理问题。方法:在武汉市7个中心城区,共28所中学中调查BZD使用情况。每个学校调查初二、初三、高一、高二、高三五个年级,共258个班,获有效问卷12345份(回收率98.2%)。结果:调查发现武汉市中学生BZD的使用率为4.0%,依赖率为4.1‰。在5952名男生中有294例服药(4.9%),在6393名女生中有204例服药(占3.2%),男生高于女生(χ2=24.34,P<0.01)。在6178名高中生中有282例服药(占4.6%),在6167名初中生中有217例服药(占3.5%),高中生服药比例高于初中生(χ2=8.70,P<0.01)。服药的主要原因是失眠(43%),学习压力大(25%),摆脱烦恼(14.1%)。回归分析发现:要遵医嘱、男性、经常喝酒、认为好玩可服和有益无害、经常抽烟、与父母关系差、母教育方式有问题、父学历低、父母间关系差、高年级等是BZD滥用的危险因素。结论:武汉市青少年4%使用BZD,其中十分之一出现滥用。
Objective: To understand the psychological problems of high school students using benzodiazepine (BZD) in Wuhan. Methods: BZD use was investigated in 28 middle schools in 7 downtown areas of Wuhan. Each school surveyed the first two, the third, the first, sophomore and the third year in 258 grades, and obtained 12,445 valid questionnaires (98.2% recovery rate). Results: The survey found that secondary school students in Wuhan use BZD was 4.0%, the dependence rate of 4.1 ‰. Of the 5952 boys, 294 (4.9%) took medication, 204 (6%) out of 6393 girls took medication (3.2%) and boys than girls (χ2 = 24.34, P <0.01). Of the 6,178 high school students, 282 (4.6%) took medication, 217 (6%) out of 6167 junior high school students (3.5%) and high school students (χ2 = 8.70, P <0.01). The main reason for medication was insomnia (43%), stressful learning (25%), and fretfulness (14.1%). Regression analysis found that: to be prescribed by a doctor, men, often drink, that fun and service can be useful harmless, often smoking, poor relations with their parents, parental education problems, low parental education, poor parents, senior grade, etc. are BZD Abuse of risk factors. Conclusion: 4% of adolescents in Wuhan use BZD, one tenth of which abuse.