理查德·道博是世界著名的伦理学家、美国宾西法尼亚大学教授。不久前,他在全美著名的《美国哲学季刊》上发表了一篇引起轰动的文章,标题是:《道德、公平以及我们可以要求人们什么?》。此文可被视为美国伦理学从群体伦理学转向个人伦理学、从关注道德原则转向关注道德实践的重要信号。 理查德·道博论述的问题是:我们能否按一般的公正和道德原则对每个人提出同样的要求?他认为显然不行。他把两个不同的道德问题区分开来,一个是“什么是道德责任?”一个是“我们自己能向人们和我们自己要求什么样的道德?”前者是一个道德原则的问题, Richard Daupo is a world-renowned ethician and professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Not long ago, he published a sensational article in the prestigious American Journal of the American Philosophy titled: “Ethics, fairness and what can we ask people?” This article can be seen as an important signal that American ethics shift from group ethics to individual ethics and from moral principles to ethical practices. The question that Richard Doober discusses is: Can we make the same demands on everyone in accordance with the general principle of fairness and morals? He does not think it is obvious. He distinguishes between two different ethical issues, one is “what is moral duty?” And one is “what kind of morality can we ask ourselves and ourselves?” The former is a matter of moral principle,