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目的调查河北省康保县不同人群适合并喜好的健康教育方式及内容,为有针对性地进行鼠疫健康教育,从而达到较好的效果奠定基础。方法采用自制调查问卷方式对康保县居民387人进行自填式调查。结果被调查人群对鼠疫防控知识知晓率较低的内容有“接触疫源动物或被咬后突发高热的处理”(8.56%)、“康保县是鼠疫自然疫源地”(20.72%)及“鼠疫患者的症状”(28.45%)。不同职业人群对鼠疫健康教育的需求方式不同(χ2=105.118,P<0.01)。通过对应分析发现,农民与广播、学生与讲座、工人与广播、干部与微信有较强的关联性。76.14%的农民选择广播,66.30%的学生选择讲座,而医生比较喜欢宣传册(37.10%)和电视(37.10%)。工人对除展板、报纸、短信外的其他宣传方式均较喜欢,干部则对除展板外的其他宣传方式均较喜欢。结论对河北省康保县居民进行健康教育时,对农民应主要使用广播及电视,对学生应多组织健康教育校园讲座,对工人及干部应采取多种方式,广播、微信或短信等均可;对知晓率低的内容应加强宣传。考虑医生职业的特殊性,应从专业角度对其进行培训与考核,提高其应急救助能力。
Objective To investigate the suitable and preferred health education methods and contents for different groups in Kangbao County, Hebei Province, so as to lay a foundation for targeted health education of plague so as to achieve better results. Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to survey 387 residents in Kangbao County. Results The respondents’ awareness of the prevention and control of plague was “lower than that of infected animals or sudden fever after bite” (8.56%), “Kangbao County is a natural epidemic of plague (20.72%) and ”Symptoms of plague patients" (28.45%). Different occupational groups have different requirements on the health education of plague (χ2 = 105.118, P <0.01). Through the corresponding analysis, we found that farmers and radio, students and lectures, workers and radio, cadres and WeChat are strongly related. 76.14% of farmers choose to broadcast, 66.30% of students choose lectures, and doctors prefer brochures (37.10%) and television (37.10%). Workers prefer other modes of publicity other than exhibition boards, newspapers and text messages, and cadres prefer other forms of publicity other than display boards. Conclusion When health education is conducted for residents in Kangbao County of Hebei Province, they should mainly use radio and television for their peasants. They should organize more lectures on health education for their students and take various measures for workers and cadres. Radio, WeChat, SMS, etc. ; Awareness of low content should be more publicity. Considering the particularity of doctors’ occupations, they should be trained and evaluated from a professional perspective to improve their emergency rescue capabilities.