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目的:了解我国部分地区无偿献血者血液核酸检测技术(NAT)在血液筛查中应用情况。方法:从维普、知网等中文数据库中检索2008年至2016年文献收集我国地区采供血机构近年开展NAT进行血液筛查情况,并进行比较分析。结果:国内15个地区采供血机构对无偿献血者血液NAT筛查技术主要有聚合链式反应(PCR)及转录介导的扩增反应(TMA)两种,其中5家采用单人份联检、检测模式,其余采用多人份联检模式,两种模式中组内各个血站的鉴别阳性阳性率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);1517193人份EIA阴性检测标本中核酸检测阳性率以HBV-DNA为主,占鉴别阳性标本的98.8%(853/863);单人份联检模式与多人份检测模式的阳性检测率无差异,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:国内采供血机构NAT技术血液筛查已逐渐成熟并普及,核酸检测对于HBs Ag(-)的HBV感染献血者的检出效果明显,合理选择适合本单位的核酸检测模式能进一步提高血液及输血安全。
Objective: To understand the application of blood nucleic acid detection (NAT) in blood donation in some areas of China. Methods: The data from 2008 to 2016 were retrieved from Chinese databases, such as Vip, Zhidu, etc. We collected blood samples from blood collection and delivery agencies in China for NAT in recent years and compared them. Results: NAT screening of blood donors and blood donors in 15 regions of China mainly included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and transcription-mediated amplification reaction (TMA). Among them, 5 were single- (P <0.05). The positive rate of nucleic acid detection in EIA-negative specimens from 1517193 people was based on the positive rate of positive rate of each blood group in the two modes (P <0.05) HBV-DNA accounted for 98.8% (853/863) of the positive samples. There was no significant difference in positive detection rate between the single-serving and multi-serving detection methods (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The blood screening of blood collection and transfusion institutions NAT technology has gradually matured and popularized. The nucleic acid detection has obvious effect on detecting HBs Ag (-) HBV infected blood donors. Reasonably choosing the nucleic acid detection mode suitable for this unit can further improve blood and Transfusion safety.