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雍正帝秘密立储的实践是中国古代制度史上的一个创新,对帝制的完善和皇权的强化影响不小,但亦非一劳永逸的好办法。比如剥夺了群臣对择立太子建言献策的权利,使如何考核、培养太子成了新的难题,由于否定了嫡长子继承权,还对宗法制度构成了重大冲击,尤其是秘密的尺度很难把握,绝非常人所能控驭,以致这一办法也不是人们想象的那样简单易行。这一制度难说是清朝的祖宗家法,并未得到充分的实践,雍正之后没有出现严重的储位争夺,不是秘密立储的效验,而是皇子不多的缘故。总之,立储难题是古代皇帝制度中的痼疾,雍正、乾隆两代君主大胆探索,另辟蹊径,固然有其制度史上的价值,但若认为以此就能解决立储的纷扰,也未免言过其实。
The practice of secret rectification by the Emperor Yongzheng was an innovation in the history of the ancient Chinese system. The improvement of the monarchy and the strengthening of the imperial power were not bad but they were also not good once and for all. For example, they deprived the ministers of their right to offer advice and suggestions on how to establish their own crown princes. This has made it a new challenge for examining and training Prince princes. Since denying the eldest son’s inheritance rights also poses a serious impact on the patriarchal clan system, It is by no means ordinary people can control, so that this approach is not as simple as people think. It is hard to say that this system was the ancestor’s law of the Qing Dynasty and was not fully practiced. There was no serious battle for storage after the reign of Emperor Yongzheng, nor was it the result of secret legislation, but because of the small number of princes. In short, the establishment of the storage problem is a chronic illness in the ancient emperors’ system. The monarchy of the two generations of Yongzheng and Qianlong boldly explored and found another way, although it has the value in the history of the system. However, if this can solve the turmoil in the establishment of the legislature, it can not be overstated.