Background There is a higher rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma after an autologous stem cell transplantation,but no attention has been given thus far to a possible pathogenetic interplay between CMV and multiple myeloma. CMV can infect many kinds of cells,and CMV infection has been shown to inhibit apoptotic responses in several cell systems. In this study the authors investigated the alterations in apoptosis in the multiple myeloma cell line KM3 after infection with CMV and proposed a possible mechanism.Methods KM3 cells were infected with 100,10,or 1 TCID50 of CMV and then cultured in serum-free RPMI 1640. An RT-PCR-based assay was used to detect mRNA expression of CMV-IE,glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),and IL-6 in CMV-infected and mock-infected cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptotic cells. CMV particles and apoptotic cells were also examined with an electron microscope. Results CMV-infected KM3 cells clearly expressed immediate early (IE) antigen mRNA when compared to uninfected cells,and there were fewer apoptotic cells among cells treated with 100 or 10 TCID50 of CMV after culturing in serum-free RPMI 1640. CMV particles were observable in infected cells under an electron microscope. Expression of IL-6 mRNA increased after infection.Conclusion CMV can infect the multiple myeloma cell line KM3,inhibit the apoptotic response in these cells after apoptosis induction in serum-free culture,and increase the expression of IL-6 mRNA. Background There is a higher rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma after an autologous stem cell transplantation, but no attention has been given far far a possible pathogenetic interplay between CMV and multiple myeloma. CMV can infect many kinds of cells , and CMV infection has been shown to control the alterations in apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell line KM3 after infection with CMV and proposed a possible mechanism. Methods KM3 cells were infected with 100 , 10, or 1 TCID50 of CMV and then cultured in serum-free RPMI 1640. An RT-PCR-based assay was used to detect mRNA expression of CMV-IE, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and IL- 6 in CMV-infected and mock-infected cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptotic cells. CMV particles and apoptotic cells were also examined with an electron microscope. Results CMV-infected KM3 cells clearly exp Ressed immediate early (IE) antigen mRNA when compared to uninfected cells, and there were fewer apoptotic cells among cells treated with 100 or 10 TCID50 of CMV after culturing in serum-free RPMI 1640. CMV particles were observable in infected cells under an electron microscope . Expression of IL-6 mRNA increased after infection. Confound CMV can infect the multiple myeloma cell line KM3, inhibit the apoptotic response in these cells after apoptosis induction in serum-free culture, and increase the expression of IL-6 mRNA.