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近年来塔里木河流域大规模水土资源开发导致水资源供需矛盾日益尖锐,特别在枯水年,生态及社会安全受到严重威胁,亟需通过提出科学合理的生态调水方式及生态补偿方案来化解这一矛盾。论文利用塔里木河“四源一干”的地表径流、断面引退水、地下水埋深、气象等资料及干流下游流域内的遥感影像数据,根据水量平衡原理计算了各河流的河损及干流下游的生态需水量,提出了枯水年流域水量分配方案,确定了流域枯水年生态调水方式及相应的生态补偿方案。结果表明:1)在特枯水年,下游需水量为7.01×10~8m~3,至少挤占上游源流10.70×10~8m~3水才能保障,从上游源流调水至干流单方水的总效益和经济效益将分别减少38.2%和81.2%,因此该调水方式是不合理的,应改从开都-孔雀河调水以满足下游用水;2)调水后上游源流对开都-孔雀河单方水的补偿量为3.4元。研究可为流域水资源的高效开发、利用和管理提供科学依据。
In recent years, due to the large-scale development of water and soil resources in Tarim River Basin, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has become increasingly acute. Especially in the dry years, the ecological and social security are seriously threatened. Therefore, it is imperative to resolve this issue by proposing scientific and rational ecological water diversion schemes and ecological compensation schemes A contradiction. Based on the data of surface runoff, reef cutoff, groundwater depth, meteorological data and remote sensing image data in the lower reaches of the mainstream of the Tarim River, the paper calculates the river damage and the downstream of the mainstream The paper puts forward the plan of water quantity allocation in dry years and determines the ecological water-saving mode and corresponding ecological compensation plan in dry years. The results show that: 1) In the dry season, the downstream water demand is 7.01 × 10 ~ 8m ~ 3, at least 1070 × 10 ~ 8m ~ 3 of upstream source can be squeezed to ensure the total benefit of water from upstream source to main stream And economic benefits will be reduced by 38.2% and 81.2% respectively. Therefore, the water diversion method is unreasonable. It should be diverted from Kai Duo - Peacock River to meet the downstream water supply. 2) After the water diversion, The amount of compensation for one-sided water is 3.4 yuan. The research can provide a scientific basis for the efficient development, utilization and management of water resources in the basin.