目的通过动物试验观察阿维菌素的亚急性毒性,从氧化性损伤角度探讨其毒作用机制,为接触阿维菌素的职业人群的疾病防护提供依据。方法将健康Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别为高剂量组(1/4 LD50)、低剂量组(1/8 LD50)和阴性对照组,采用经口灌胃方式连续染毒30 d。每周称量动物体重,实验结束后腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠麻醉动物,腹主动脉采血,检测血清MDA含量及GSH-Px、SOD活性;取动物肝、脾、肾、睾丸(或卵巢)称重,计算脏体比,组织用10%甲醛溶液固定,用于病理组织学检查。结果染毒后,阿维菌素高、低剂量染毒组与对照组相比,大鼠体重的增长幅度均呈现出降低趋势,实验结束时,三组雌性大鼠体重差值差异有统计学意义(F=102.85,P<0.05);高剂量染毒组雌性大鼠的体重低于阴性对照组(t=3.235,P<0.05);雌性大鼠的脑体比、肝体比、肾体比在三组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=22.34、93.15、60.77,P均<0.05);雌性高剂量组与对照组的脑、肝、肾体比差异,雌性低剂量组与对照组肝体比差异,雌性高剂量组与低剂量组脑体比的差异均有统计学意义(t=13.69、20.14、16.20、8.91、8.36,P均<0.05)。大鼠血清MDA含量及GSH-Px、SOD活性在三组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=57.48、120.62、30.45,P均<0.05)。与对照组相比,阿维菌素组大鼠MDA含量显著增加,GSH-Px、SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05)。病理学结果显示:阿维菌素高、低剂量组大鼠肝组织个别汇管区均见少量单个核细胞浸润,并且在其周围发现少许轻微萎缩的肝细胞,其他脏器未见异常。结论阿维菌素可降低大鼠体重,对大鼠肝脏造成损伤,且氧化性损伤是阿维菌素毒作用机制之一。 Objective To observe the subacute toxicity of abamectin by animal experiments and to explore its toxic mechanism from the perspective of oxidative damage to provide basis for the disease prevention of occupational groups exposed to abamectin. Methods Healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 10 in each group, male and female were divided into high dose group (1/4 LD50), low dose group (1/8 LD50) and negative control group, Gavage continuous exposure to 30 d. Animals were weighed weekly. After the experiment, rats were injected intraperitoneally with sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, abdominal aorta blood samples were taken for determination of serum MDA content and GSH-Px, SOD activity. The animals were sacrificed for liver, spleen, kidney, testis (or ovary) Weighing, calculating dirty body ratio, tissue fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution for histopathological examination. Results After exposure to avermectin, the increase of body weight of rats in high and low doses of avermectins showed a decreasing trend compared with the control group. At the end of the experiment, differences in body weight between the three groups of female rats were statistically significant (F = 102.85, P <0.05). The body weight of female rats in high dose exposure group was lower than that in negative control group (t = 3.235, P <0.05) (F = 22.34, 93.15, 60.77, P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the ratio of brain, liver and kidney in the female high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the female low-dose group There was significant difference in body mass ratio between female high-dose group and low-dose group (t = 13.69,20.14,16.20,8.91,8.36, P <0.05). The levels of serum MDA and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD in the three groups were significantly different (F = 57.48,120.62,30.45, P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the avermectin group rats MDA content increased significantly, GSH-Px, SOD activity was significantly reduced (P <0.05). The pathological results showed that a few mononuclear cells infiltrated in some avermectin liver regions of avermectin high and low dose groups, and some slightly atrophic liver cells were found around them. There was no abnormality in other organs. Conclusion Abamectin can reduce body weight and cause damage to rat liver, and oxidative damage is one of the mechanisms of avermectin toxicity.