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用来制作白色陶瓷的主要原料是粘土、长石和石英。粘土提供可塑性和生坯强度,长石作为助熔剂,而石英则是一种填料。经烧结后,三维白瓷坯体典型地含有莫来石、石英和跟初晶相一样的玻璃体。方石英可存在于高温型的石英坯体中。因此,白瓷坯体是由分散在玻璃母体中的晶相组成,通常出现一些气孔。氧化锂可以直接加入白瓷坯体中,其量多少,主要取决于它是作为助熔剂呢,还是作为低膨胀的填料。当它作为助熔剂时,氧化锂完全溶于玻璃相中,从而减少玻璃的膨胀和粘性,降低烧成温度。当它大量被使用时,氧化锂的一部份仍然可以被吸进玻璃相中,但是大部份是消耗在生成低膨胀的铝硅酸锂中。这种低膨胀相明显地降低了白瓷坯体的膨胀系数,使得坯体有可能迅速烧成,也使得坯体适合于耐热急变方面的应用。
The main raw materials used to make white ceramics are clay, feldspar and quartz. Clay provides plasticity and green strength, feldspar as a flux, and quartz as a filler. After sintering, the three-dimensional white porcelain body typically contains mullite, quartz and the same primary vitreous phase. Cristobalite can be found in high-temperature quartz bodies. Therefore, the white porcelain body is dispersed in the glass matrix composed of the crystal phase, usually some of the pores. Lithium oxide can be added directly to the white ceramic body, the amount of which, depending on whether it is as a flux or as a low expansion filler. When it acts as a flux, the lithium oxide is completely dissolved in the glass phase, reducing the expansion and viscosity of the glass and lowering the firing temperature. When it is used in large quantities, a portion of the lithium oxide can still be drawn into the glass phase, but most of it is consumed in the formation of low-expansion lithium aluminosilicates. This low expansion phase significantly reduces the expansion coefficient of white porcelain body, making it possible to quickly burn the body, but also makes the body suitable for heat-resistant applications.