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河流和海洋虽是两个不同的体系,但有紧密的联系,两者的相互作用和交换集中表现在河口区域。海洋水体中的溶解态和悬浮态营养盐主要来自河流。在大洋中,由于近表层浮游植物的光合作用的吸收,上、下水层交换缓慢,造成营养盐的分层现象。通常上层含量贫乏,底层富足,相差可达几十倍。而河流则是另一种变化类型。河流水浅,水体含有较多泥沙,加之上、下水层的涡动作用而容易交换,以及水的搅动而混浊,沉积物的再悬浮,致使水体透明度极低,不利于浮游植物的繁殖,因此,上、下水层营养盐含量差别极小。河流所含丰富的营养盐流入海洋后,成为海洋初级生产力的基础,是形成渔场的基本条件之一。
Although rivers and oceans are two different systems, they are closely linked and the interaction and exchange between the two are concentrated in estuarine areas. The dissolved and suspended nutrients in marine water come mainly from rivers. In the oceans, due to the absorption of photosynthesis by near-surface phytoplankton, the exchange of upper and lower aquifers is slow, resulting in the stratification of nutrients. Usually the upper level of the poor, the underlying rich, a difference of up to several times. The river is another type of change. River water is shallow, the water contains more sediment, coupled with the swirling effect of the upper and lower aquifers and easy exchange, as well as the turbidity of water and sediment resuspended, resulting in water transparency is very low, is not conducive to phytoplankton breeding, Therefore, the nutrient content of the upper and lower aquifers is minimally different. After the influx of nutrients into the ocean, the rivers become the basis of primary marine productivity and one of the basic conditions for the formation of fisheries.