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目的探究三维空间中定向任务的特点,探讨在不同身体朝向条件下完成空间站模拟失重视觉环境中定向任务绩效间的差异。方法选取16名男性志愿者参加舱内定向测试任务,对不同身体朝向下的舱内定向任务绩效指标进行差异性检验;同时测量志愿者的空间能力,对空间能力绩效指标与舱内定向任务绩效指标进行相关性分析。结果不同身体朝向下的定向任务完成绩效间具有显著性差异,身体朝向相对于典型朝向偏差越大时完成定向任务的反应时越长;个体空间能力与舱内定向任务绩效之间具有显著的相关性。结论三维空间定向任务中存在“朝向依赖”效应,飞行前进行多朝向的定向训练对航天员在轨高效完成定向任务是必要的;个体空间能力可能在多朝向的舱内定向任务中发挥着重要作用。
Objective To explore the characteristics of directional tasks in three-dimensional space and to explore the differences between the performance of directional tasks in the visual environment of simulated weightlessness of space stations under different body orientations. Methods Totally 16 male volunteers were enrolled in the in-flight orientation testing task to test the performance of different orientations of orientated mission with different body orientations. Meanwhile, the spatial capabilities of volunteers were measured, and the spatial performance indicators and performance of in-flight orientation tasks Indicators for correlation analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference in performance accomplishment between orientations with different body orientations, and the longer the body orientated, the longer the response to the orientational task when the body orientations deviated from the typical orientations. The significant correlation between individual spatial capabilities and performance of orientational mission Sex. Conclusions There is a “orientation-dependent ” effect in the 3D space-oriented mission. Directional training with multiple headings before flight is necessary for the astronauts to efficiently accomplish the orbital mission on the orbit; individual space capabilities may play a role in multi-heading orientation missions An important role.