一 绪言 二十年来,整个微波半导体和固体元件领域,随着一些半导体器件的出现和消失以惊人的速度向前发展。目前这个领域的发展仍在继续,且产品的研制时间和使用期正在缩短。举例来说,如果五年前写有关这方面文章的人,今天看到场效应晶体管(FET)在高频、低噪声系统和高输出功率方面发展得这么快,回顾起来,也许要大吃一惊。 在今后二十年内,虽然砷化镓和硅仍是主要的半导体材料,但单片电路(单个半导 For two decades, the entire microwave semiconductor and solid-state devices have been moving forward at an alarming rate with the advent and disappearance of some semiconductor devices. The current development in this area is still continuing, and product development time and the use of shortening. If, for example, someone who wrote this article about five years ago saw today that field-effect transistors (FETs) have grown so fast in high-frequency, low-noise systems and high output power, it may be surprising to recall that. In the next two decades, although gallium arsenide and silicon are still the major semiconductor materials, monolithic circuits (single semiconductors