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目的:了解儿科急重症疾病的分布,评估死因,提高急诊重症监护病室的诊疗质量,以降低病死率。方法:统计2002年7月～2007年2月的353例儿科急重症患儿疾病的系统分布、年龄与疾病分布、不同年龄段的主要死因及病死率。结果:急危重症以神经系统疾病最多,如新生儿窒息、新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病、脑炎、颅内出血、癫痫;其次为呼吸系统疾病,如重症肺炎、新生儿肺出血、哮喘等;意外伤害如中毒、溺水等位于第3位。不同年龄段疾病分布不同,病死率也不同,新生儿病死率为29%,婴儿为32%,幼儿为15%,3岁以上儿童为4%。结论:儿科急重症病死率随年龄增加而逐渐下降,死亡原因与疾病的年龄分布密切相关。应充分认识围产期保健与监护的重要性,重视急救网络的建立与完善。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution of critical illness in pediatric patients, assess the cause of death, and improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of emergency ICU to reduce the case fatality rate. Methods: From July 2002 to February 2007, 353 cases of pediatric patients with severe acute illness were systematically investigated for their distribution, age and disease distribution, major causes of death and mortality in different age groups. Results: Most critically ill patients had neurological diseases such as neonatal asphyxia, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, encephalitis, intracranial hemorrhage and epilepsy, followed by respiratory diseases such as severe pneumonia, neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage and asthma ; Accidental injuries such as poisoning, drowning, etc. located in the first three. Different distribution of disease at different ages, mortality is also different, neonatal mortality rate of 29%, 32% of infants, children 15%, 4% of children over the age of 3 years. Conclusion: The critical mortality rate of pediatric patients decreases gradually with age, and the cause of death is closely related to the age distribution of the disease. Should fully understand the importance of perinatal care and custody, emphasis on the establishment and improvement of emergency network.