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本研究通过分析2005~2013年测土配方施肥项目在吉林省采集的大量土壤样品,明确了不同地区农田耕层土壤pH的空间变异特征,并与第二次土壤普查数据对比探讨了土壤pH的变化趋势。结果表明,目前吉林省农田耕层土壤pH分布在3.8~9.1之间,平均值为6.5。不同类型农田土壤pH的高低顺序为:黑钙土>风沙土>草甸土>黑土>白浆土≈暗棕壤>水稻土。空间上,吉林省农田耕层土壤呈现自西向东逐渐降低的分布特征,以西部白城市的通榆县最高而东部延边朝鲜族自治州的汪清县最低。时间上,与第二次土壤普相比,吉林省各种土类的pH存在共性的土壤酸化趋势。不同土类间pH的降幅存在较大差异,代表性的黑土下降约0.5个单位,酸化程度较大的草甸土和水稻分别下降了1.4和1.6个单位,而酸化程度较小的白浆土下降了0.1个单位。吉林省农业生产中应控制化肥用量,调整肥料品种,合理增施有机肥,大力推广秸秆还田,从而缓解土壤酸化趋势,改善土壤肥力。
In this study, by analyzing a large number of soil samples collected in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2013 by soil testing and fertilization project, the spatial variability of soil pH in farmland was clarified. Compared with the second soil survey data, Trend. The results showed that the pH of farmland soils in Jilin Province was between 3.8 and 9.1, with an average of 6.5. The order of soil pH in different types of farmland is as follows: calcareous soil> aeolian soil> meadow soil> black soil> white soil ≈ dark brown soil> paddy soil. Spatially, the topsoil in Jilin Province showed a decreasing distribution from west to east, the lowest in Wangqing County, the highest in Tongyu County in western Baicheng City and the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in the east. Time, compared with the second general soil, there is a common trend of soil acidification in various soil types in Jilin Province. There was a great difference in the pH drop between different soil types. The representative black soil decreased by about 0.5 units. The meadow soil and rice with a greater degree of acidification decreased by 1.4 and 1.6 units respectively, whereas the less acidified albic soil Declined by 0.1 unit. Jilin Province, agricultural production should control the amount of fertilizer, adjust the fertilizer varieties, rational use of organic fertilizer, vigorously promote the straw, thereby alleviating the tendency of soil acidification and improve soil fertility.