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〔关键词〕 归纳法;辨析;a头小语;小语词
〔中图分类号〕 G633.41〔文献标识码〕 B
〔文章编号〕 1004—0463(2008)10(B)—0043—01
初中学生从童年逐步向成人过渡的这一时期,生理和心理均未成熟,性格天真活泼、好奇好胜、认识肤浅、思维单一,特点是:纵向思维强,横向思维弱;直观理解易,抽象理解难;随意记忆优,有意记忆劣。
由于上述原因,大多数学生在英语学习方法上还存在一定的弊端。其一,对所学词汇有繁、杂、乱之感,原因是他们不懂得“理、归、比、析”之法,即理顺、归纳、比较、分析的方法。其二,部分教师过分追求新教法,一概推广参与式、互动式、讨论式的教学方法,课堂大都形成了部分练、部分看、 部分乱的局面,放松了对字、词、句基础知识的训练。其三,学生学习英语时只注重较难的语法或拼写较长的单词及短语,一些小语词常常被忽略,其实这些小语词倒不容易掌握,而且在文章中出现的频率高、功能多、用途广,常给初学者造成困难。现就初中教学中比较常见的“a lot(a lot of),a bit(a bit of),a little(a little of),a few(a few of)”等四个“a头小语”归纳起来,以笔者的体会浅议如下。
1.a lot(许多,大量),常修饰形容词和副词的比较级,也可修饰名词。如:
(1)Tom was ill yesterday,but he is a lotbetter today.
(2)Thanks, a lot.
a lot of也有“许多,大量”之意,它既能修饰可数名词,也能修饰不可数名词,并更强调“多”之意。如:
(3) A a lotgood land has gone with forests, leaving only sand.
(4)There are a lot of trees on both sides of the street.
有时可以用lots of代替a lot of。 如:
(5)I want lots of new books.
2.a bit(有一点),主要用来修饰形容词,有时可替代不可数名词。如:
(1)I want to buy a pair of black shoes,but that kind is a bit expensive.
a bit of与a bit意义相似,但主要用来修饰名词。如:
(2)Maybe he has caught a bit of a cold.
另外,bit也可有复数形式。如:bits and pieces,bits of metal。
3.a little(有一点),表示肯定的意思,一般修饰不可数名词。如:
(1)We have only a little homework today.
a little也可修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如:
(2)School ended a little earlier.
a little of比a little更强调“有一点”。如:
(3)Don’t worry,there is a little of time left.
a little也可作不定代词用。如:
(4) — Would you like some milk?
— Yes, just a little.
4.a few(有几个),表示肯定,仅修饰可数名词。如:
(1)We need to buy a few new machines in our workshop.
a few of与a few同义,但比a few表示的数量多一点。 如:
(2)There are a few of old Party members in our school.
a few也可作不定代词用。如:
(3)Not all the students go home on Sundays,a few still stay at school.
上述的“a头小语” 在中学教材中经常出现,并且变化多端,有多种含义,仅举几例难以掌握其用法,只能帮助学生掌握其最常见、最基础的知识。
学英语要从一个字母、一个单词、一个短语学起,似同“拾小菜、捡煤渣”,且记“抓大放小”,疏漏小语词。老师要启迪学生善于用归纳法、对比法、演绎法来总结剖析英语的词法、句法、语法等知识,使学生将书本知识取得来、理得顺、记得牢、用得活,尽而达到学好英语的目的。
〔中图分类号〕 G633.41〔文献标识码〕 B
〔文章编号〕 1004—0463(2008)10(B)—0043—01
初中学生从童年逐步向成人过渡的这一时期,生理和心理均未成熟,性格天真活泼、好奇好胜、认识肤浅、思维单一,特点是:纵向思维强,横向思维弱;直观理解易,抽象理解难;随意记忆优,有意记忆劣。
由于上述原因,大多数学生在英语学习方法上还存在一定的弊端。其一,对所学词汇有繁、杂、乱之感,原因是他们不懂得“理、归、比、析”之法,即理顺、归纳、比较、分析的方法。其二,部分教师过分追求新教法,一概推广参与式、互动式、讨论式的教学方法,课堂大都形成了部分练、部分看、 部分乱的局面,放松了对字、词、句基础知识的训练。其三,学生学习英语时只注重较难的语法或拼写较长的单词及短语,一些小语词常常被忽略,其实这些小语词倒不容易掌握,而且在文章中出现的频率高、功能多、用途广,常给初学者造成困难。现就初中教学中比较常见的“a lot(a lot of),a bit(a bit of),a little(a little of),a few(a few of)”等四个“a头小语”归纳起来,以笔者的体会浅议如下。
1.a lot(许多,大量),常修饰形容词和副词的比较级,也可修饰名词。如:
(1)Tom was ill yesterday,but he is a lotbetter today.
(2)Thanks, a lot.
a lot of也有“许多,大量”之意,它既能修饰可数名词,也能修饰不可数名词,并更强调“多”之意。如:
(3) A a lotgood land has gone with forests, leaving only sand.
(4)There are a lot of trees on both sides of the street.
有时可以用lots of代替a lot of。 如:
(5)I want lots of new books.
2.a bit(有一点),主要用来修饰形容词,有时可替代不可数名词。如:
(1)I want to buy a pair of black shoes,but that kind is a bit expensive.
a bit of与a bit意义相似,但主要用来修饰名词。如:
(2)Maybe he has caught a bit of a cold.
另外,bit也可有复数形式。如:bits and pieces,bits of metal。
3.a little(有一点),表示肯定的意思,一般修饰不可数名词。如:
(1)We have only a little homework today.
a little也可修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如:
(2)School ended a little earlier.
a little of比a little更强调“有一点”。如:
(3)Don’t worry,there is a little of time left.
a little也可作不定代词用。如:
(4) — Would you like some milk?
— Yes, just a little.
4.a few(有几个),表示肯定,仅修饰可数名词。如:
(1)We need to buy a few new machines in our workshop.
a few of与a few同义,但比a few表示的数量多一点。 如:
(2)There are a few of old Party members in our school.
a few也可作不定代词用。如:
(3)Not all the students go home on Sundays,a few still stay at school.
上述的“a头小语” 在中学教材中经常出现,并且变化多端,有多种含义,仅举几例难以掌握其用法,只能帮助学生掌握其最常见、最基础的知识。
学英语要从一个字母、一个单词、一个短语学起,似同“拾小菜、捡煤渣”,且记“抓大放小”,疏漏小语词。老师要启迪学生善于用归纳法、对比法、演绎法来总结剖析英语的词法、句法、语法等知识,使学生将书本知识取得来、理得顺、记得牢、用得活,尽而达到学好英语的目的。