近代西方势力大举进入中国，洋枪洋炮裹挟着洋货洋教潮涌而来。几个回合下来，一部分有见识的中国人意识到，不能再以传统的夷狄眼光看待这些陌生人了，了解“夷情”已是当务之急。正如奕所说：“查自各国换约以来，洋人往来中国，于各省一切情形日臻熟知，而外国情形，中国未 In the modern era, Western forces entered China in a large scale, and the Western-style guns coerced the surge of foreign goods in foreign markets. After a few rounds, some knowledgeable Chinese people realized that it was no longer possible to treat these strangers with the traditional barbarian vision. It is imperative to understand “the relationship of barbarians”. Just as Wilson said: "Since the exchange of contracts between countries, foreigners travel to and from China and are familiar with all the situations in various provinces. In foreign situations, China has not