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目的研究和分析2008年汶川大地震当年及其前后各两个年度四川省突发公共卫生事件相关数据,检讨四川省卫生应急防控体系、组织实施、现状与问题,为进一步改进和完善该省监测体系、提高防控效果提供一线数据和决策参考。方法应用Excel、EpiInfo软件统计分析国家突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统报告的四川省2006～2010年突发公共卫生事件(不包括未分级事件)数据。结果四川省2006～2010年突发公共卫生事件呈整体逐年减少趋势,2008年汶川大地震当年处于相对的波谷。全省2006～2010年每个年度突发公共卫生事件都呈现4～6月和9～11月2个高峰。与2008年前后两年相比,2008年全省18个地震极重灾县所属6个市州中有5个市州的突发公共卫生事件在全省的排序均出现明显下降。2006～2010年四川省学校突发公共卫生事件占事件总数的75.00%,其中乡小学居事件发生地点、事件原因、发病数和死亡数等各项指标之首,在此期间,全省无特别重大突发公共卫生事件发生,9类突发公共卫生事件中,以传染病事件(79.30%)和食物中毒事件(14.33%)为主;传染病事件以水痘、流行性腮腺炎、风疹等呼吸道传染病和甲肝等疫苗可预防性疾病为主,占82.93%。结论四川省现有的卫生应急体系建设为突发公共卫生事件应急处置奠定了良好的基础,2006～2010年全省突发公共卫生事件呈现整体逐年下降的趋势,所有突发公共卫生事件均得到及时有效地处置。汶川大地震后全国军民强有力的灾后救援工作,使2008年四川省突发公共卫生事件降到历史最低水平,实现了大灾之后无大疫的目标;卫生系统对口援建,连续取得了四川省灾后3年无大疫的成就。加强传染病和中毒事件防控,重点针对疫苗可预防性疾病,可极大地降低突发公共卫生事件的发生,减少发病数和死亡数。多部门联合、全社会参与,共同预防和控制学校突发公共卫生事件,尤其是做好农村和乡小学的传染病防控工作,才能及时防控各类突发公共卫生事件,减少其危害性。
Objective To study and analyze the relevant data of public health emergencies in Sichuan Province during the year of 2008 and each of the two years before and after the Wenchuan earthquake and to review the system of prevention and control of public health emergency in Sichuan Province and its implementation, present conditions and problems. In order to further improve and perfect the provincial emergency prevention and control system, Monitoring system, improve the prevention and control to provide first-line data and decision-making reference. Methods The data of public health emergencies (excluding the unrated events) in Sichuan Province from 2006 to 2010 reported by the national public health emergency management information system were statistically analyzed by Excel and EpiInfo software. Results The public health emergencies in Sichuan province showed an overall trend of decreasing year by year from 2006 to 2010. In the same year, the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 was in a relative trough. The annual public health emergencies in the whole province from 2006 to 2010 all showed two peaks from April to June and from September to November. Compared with the two years before and after 2008, the order of public health emergencies in five cities and prefectures in 18 cities and districts in 2008 in the province were significantly decreased in the province. From 2006 to 2010, Sichuan public health emergencies accounted for 75.00% of the total number of incidents, including the location of primary and secondary school students, the cause of the incidents, the number of incidents and the number of deaths and other indicators of the first during this period, the province without special Among the nine public health emergencies, infectious diseases (79.30%) and food poisoning (14.33%) were the major public health emergencies. Infectious diseases were reported in the respiratory tract such as chickenpox, mumps and rubella Infectious diseases and hepatitis A vaccine-preventable diseases, accounting for 82.93%. Conclusions The existing health emergency response system in Sichuan province laid a good foundation for emergency public health emergency treatment. From 2006 to 2010, the public health emergency events in the province showed a decreasing trend year by year, and all public health emergency events were obtained Timely and effective disposal. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the powerful post-disaster relief work of the entire nation’s military and civilian population reduced the number of public health emergencies in Sichuan Province to its lowest level in history in 2008, achieving the goal of no major epidemic after the disaster. The health system assisted Sichuan and Sichuan successively Three years after the disaster no major epidemic of achievements. Strengthening the prevention and control of infectious diseases and poisoning incidents and focusing on vaccine preventable diseases can greatly reduce the incidence of public health emergencies and reduce the incidence and deaths. Multi-sectoral alliance, participation of the whole society, joint prevention and control of school public health emergencies, especially prevention and control of communicable diseases in rural and township primary schools in order to timely prevent and control all kinds of public health emergencies and reduce their harmfulness .