To investigate how well the married reproductive women in China have the contraceptive knowledge and its influencing factors Data & Methods The data derived from “The national survey on population and reproductive health in 1997” executed by State Family Planning Commission (SFPC) were analyzed. Results It showed that the contraceptive knowledge of married reproductive women was poor in China. Only 5.9% of women got full mark (4 points) in the survey and 42.5% of them got zero. In this survey, married reproductive women got lower marks were those who were older, in rural area, with low education levels themselves and their husbands; with a non Han husband, later menarche onset and earlier marriage; who had never received gynecological examination, or courses for newly married. Conclusion Spreading contraceptive knowledge among married reproductive women should be one of the central missions of family planning services in future. The focus should be put on those women we mentioned above. Regular gynecological examinations should be carried out and the education for newly married people should be more efficient. When the courses of contraceptive knowledge are provided,both husband and wife should attend. To investigate how well the married reproductive women in China have the contraceptive knowledge and its influencing factors Data & Methods The data derived from “The national survey on population and reproductive health in 1997” executed by State Family Planning Commission (SFPC) were analyzed. It showed that the contraceptive knowledge of married reproductive women was poor in China. Only 5.9% of women got full mark (4 points) in the survey and 42.5% of them got zero. In this survey, married reproductive women got lower marks were those who had older, in rural area, with low education levels themselves and her husbands; with a non-husband husband; later menarche onset and earlier marriage; who had never received gynecological examination, or courses for newly married. Conclusion Spreading contraceptive knowledge in married reproductive women should be one of the central missions of family planning services in future. The focus should be put on those women we ment ioned above. Regular gynecological examinations should be carried out and the education for newly married people should be more efficient. When the courses of contraceptive knowledge are provided, both husband and wife should attend.