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[目的]研究高寒山区春季玛咖种植条件下,不同栽培留种方式对不同类型玛咖种子质量和病虫害的影响,为适宜栽培留种方式及玛咖品种类型规划提供科学依据。[方法]以玛咖主流栽培“黄色玛咖”、“紫色玛咖”、“黑色玛咖”并栽培在海拔3 000 m的种球为材料,采用玛咖植株原地育种(海拔3 000 m)、玛咖根球分选后贮藏30 d后栽培于原玛咖种植土壤海拔3 000 m处留种、玛咖根球分选后贮藏15d后栽培于海拔2 700 m处留种、玛咖根球分选后在2 400 m温棚内栽培留种、玛咖根球分选好种株栽培在温棚内待其发芽再栽培于海拔2 400 m的大田处育种5种栽培留种方式,系统比较不同栽培留种方式对玛咖物候期、千粒重、发芽率、种子产量和病虫害的影响。[结果]不同栽培留种方式对玛咖物候期的影响差异达到显著或极显著水平;不同颜色品种玛咖经过不同栽培留种方式对种子千粒重、产量和发芽率的影响差异达到显著或极显著水平;不同颜色品种间玛咖经过不同栽培留种方式对病虫害的影响差异不显著,不同栽培留种方式对病虫害影响差异达到显著或极显著水平。[结论]不同栽培留种方式对玛咖物候期、千粒重、发芽率、种子产量和病虫害的影响结果分析,认为玛咖根球分选后贮藏于15 d后栽培在海拔为2 700 m处留种,有利于提高玛咖种子质量和减少病虫害。
[Objective] The study aimed to study the effects of different planting ways on the quality of maca sowing seeds and diseases and insect pests under spring maca sowing conditions in the alpine mountainous area, and to provide a scientific basis for suitable planting and sowing ways and the plan of maca variety. [Method] With the maca cultivar “Yellow Maca”, “Purple Maca”, “Black Maca” and cultivated the bulbs at 3 000 m above sea level as materials, Breeding (3 000 m above sea level), Maca root ball sorting and storage for 30 days after planting in the original Maca cultivation soil at an altitude of 3000 m to stay species, Maca root ball sorting and storage 15d after planting at an altitude of 2 700 m Place to stay species, Maca root ball sorting after planting in the greenhouse at 2,400 m, Maca root ball sorting a good variety of plants in the greenhouse to be germinated and re-cultivated at an altitude of 2,400 m field breeding Five kinds of cultivation methods were used to systematically compare the effects of different cultivation methods on the phenophase, grain weight, germination rate, seed yield and pests and diseases of Maca. [Result] The effects of different cultivation methods on the phenophase of Maca reached a significant or extremely significant level. The effects of different cultivation methods on the 1000-grain weight, yield and germination rate of maca were significant or extremely significant Level. The effects of different ways of keeping Caragana intercropping on pests and diseases were not significantly different among different color cultivars, and the differences in the effects of different planting and planting methods on pests and diseases were significant or extremely significant. [Conclusion] The effects of different planting ways on the phenophase, 1000-grain weight, germination rate, seed yield and pests and diseases of Carambola were analyzed. The results showed that after storage for 15 days, Species, help improve the quality of maca seed and reduce pests and diseases.