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明清以降,远在宋代就在民间流行的木版年画,发展到了它的鼎盛时期。一向匮乏于绘画艺术享受的中国民间,前所未有地活跃起来。春节前夕数以亿计的木版年画,从全国众多的年画产地,输入到各地乡村城镇,通过不同买卖渠道,走进老百姓家中。年三十的一天一夜之间数以亿计的木版年画,贴满了中国百姓的家家户户。难以想象那是一道怎样壮观宏伟的民俗风景线,更难以想象在那五彩缤纷的年画中,老百姓们得到的是怎样一种精神享受。本文将以明清时期重点年画产地的年画买卖、贴挂习俗为线索,探索民间年画的民俗特征和民俗含义,以使人们对明清时期的年画繁荣有一个梗概的了解。
Ming and Qing dynasties, far away in the Song Dynasty in the folk popular New Year paintings, has developed to its heyday. Chinese folk, who has always been lacking in the art of painting, has been active ever since. On the eve of the Spring Festival, hundreds of millions of woodblock New Year pictures have been imported into many towns and villages across the country from many pictures of New Year paintings. Through different trading channels, they have entered the homes of ordinary people. Hundreds of millions of woodblock New Year’s Eve pictures of New Year’s Eve, covered with every household in China. It is hard to imagine that it is a spectacular magnificent scenery of folk customs. It is even more difficult to imagine what kind of spiritual enjoyment ordinary people get in that colorful New Year’s picture. This article will take the New Year pictures and paintings of the important areas of Ming and Qing Dynasties originating in the New Year paintings as the clues and explores the folk custom features and folk customs of the New Year pictures so as to make people have a general understanding of the New Year pictures and paintings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.