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明朝万历年间的文官集团,总数约为2万人,京官约占1/10。文官绝大多数由科举出身,最低级的考试合格者称为生员,生员应三年一度的乡试,合格者称为举人,举人参加在北京的会试殿试,合格者称为进士。举人得授九品官职;进士得授七品官职。在殿试时文理出众、名列前茅者,可进入翰林院深造。翰林几经升转,突出者可被任命为大学士,供职于文渊阁,其职责是替皇帝撰拟诏诰,润色御批公文等。因文渊阁为皇帝的直属机构,在不设丞相(明太祖洪武皇帝杀过三位丞相后,下令不再设丞相一职)的情况下,文渊阁事实上承担着政府内阁的职
During the Wanli years of the Ming Dynasty, the total number of civil officials was about 20,000, with officials accounting for about 1/10. The vast majority of civil servants from the imperial examination origin, the lowest qualified candidates known as health workers, health workers should be triennial test, qualified person called juren, inviting people to participate in the Hall of Peking Test in Beijing, qualified as the Jinshi. Lecture nine officials; Jinshi granted seven official positions. At the time of the test, superior arts and culture, among the best, can enter the Imperial College for further study. After the rise of the Hanlin, prominence may be appointed as a bachelor, serving in Wenyuan Pavilion, whose duty is to prepare for the emperor’s edict, polluting official documents and so on. Because Wenyuan Pavilion is the direct agency of the emperor, Wen Yuange actually assumed the office of the government in the absence of the prime minister (Ming Taizu Hongwu Emperor killed the three prime ministers and ordered no longer a prime minister)