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历史的发展究竟是其自身逻辑的展开,抑是人的道德理性的不断实现?这个呈现历史与道德巨大张力的悖论式的问题,在公元4~16世纪一直困惑着古代中国的史学家。就公元4世纪到16世纪古代中国的史学理论来说,作为一种历史认识和评判理论,历史的展开究竟应该仅仅是其自身逻辑的展开,还是应该体现人的道德理性,或者说体现作为历史主体的人的目的,这样一个涉及历史与道德悖论的讨论,一直相对集中地呈现于所谓“正统论”及“王霸义利之辩”两个理论问题的争论之中。
Is the development of history a logical development of its own and is it the continuous realization of human moral reason? This paradoxical problem presenting the tremendous tension of history and morality has puzzled ancient Chinese historians from the 4th to the 16th century. As far as the theory of history in ancient China from the 4th century to the 16th century was concerned, as a theory of historical knowledge and judgment, should the expansion of history be merely the expansion of its own logic, or should it reflect human moral reason or reflect it as history? The purpose of the subject, such a discussion concerning the paradox of history and morality, has been relatively concentrated in the debate on the two theoretical issues, the so-called “orthodoxy” and “the debate over the righteousness of the hegemony”.