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杀虫气雾剂是常用的室内卫生杀虫剂,科学、合理、安全地使用杀虫气雾剂是保障居民健康的重要内容。目前我国有关室内杀虫气雾剂使用安全性的研究较少,尚未建立系统的风险评估程序。文章重点介绍了世界卫生组织(WHO)及美国环境保护署(EPA)等国际上广泛使用的室内杀虫气雾剂暴露评估方法,包括针对施药者的吸入暴露和经皮暴露评估,针对施药后居民的吸入暴露、经皮暴露以及儿童的手至口和物体至口暴露评估等。分析了我国开展室内杀虫气雾剂暴露评估所面临的暴露途径设定及特异性参数选择等问题,旨在为我国杀虫气雾剂产品的合理开发及安全使用提供科学的评价工具。
Insecticidal aerosol is commonly used indoor sanitation insecticides, scientific, rational and safe use of insecticidal aerosols is to protect the health of residents an important part. At present, there are few studies on the safety of indoor insecticidal aerosols in our country, and no systematic risk assessment procedure has been established. The article focuses on internationally widely used laboratory insecticidal aerosol exposure assessment methods such as the WHO and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), including inhalation exposure and transdermal exposure assessment for applicants, Inhalation exposure, transdermal exposure and assessment of children’s hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth exposure after drug use. The problems such as the setting of exposure route and the choice of specific parameters faced by indoor pesticide aerosol exposure assessment in China are analyzed. The aim is to provide scientific evaluation tools for the rational development and safe use of insecticidal aerosol products in our country.