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采用文献资料调研和问卷调查方法,对北京市地膜使用与残留现状进行分析。调查结果表明,北京市年际地膜使用量呈波动性多峰值变化,而地膜覆盖面积未呈现出显著变化趋势;北京的主要覆膜作物类型为地膜玉米、地膜花生、地膜根茎叶类蔬菜和地膜瓜果类蔬菜4类;平均覆膜比例为80.00%,瓜果类蔬菜的覆膜比例高达90.00%;北京市使用地膜的厚度为0.005~0.014 mm,85.00%的地块使用地膜厚度符合国家标准;地膜平均使用量为88±51 kg/hm2,草莓的地膜使用量最大,约为200 kg/hm2;北京市大部分地区在地膜使用后进行地膜回收,回收方式为人工拾捡,地膜回收率约为83.00%±7.00%。
Using literature research and questionnaire survey methods, the use and residual status of mulching in Beijing were analyzed. The survey results showed that the use of annual mulching film in Beijing showed fluctuating multi-peak changes, while the mulching area did not show a significant trend. The main mulching crops in Beijing were plastic mulched corn, plastic mulched peanut, mulched rhizome leafy vegetable and plastic film Fruits and vegetables 4 categories; the average coating ratio of 80.00%, melons and vegetables covered as high as 90.00%; the thickness of the use of plastic film in Beijing is 0.005 ~ 0.014 mm, 85.00% of the land parcel thickness in line with national standards ; The average usage of mulching film was 88 ± 51 kg / hm2, and the use of mulching film was the largest, about 200 kg / hm2. In most areas of Beijing, mulching was carried out after mulching. The recovery method was manual pick-up and mulching film recovery About 83.00% ± 7.00%.