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目的调查环卫工人职业危害的特点及其健康状况,以找出有害因素种类、程度,预防高危因素。方法以2011年在江门市职业病防治所体检的市环卫站一线清扫工人为接触组,以市直多家企业的行政、后勤人员为对照组,调查环卫工人作业环境的有害因素,统计分析两组员工常规检查、心电图、胸部X线、肝胆B超等项目检查资料。结果江门市空气污染物检测值低于浓度限值,空气质量良好,但环卫工人长期暴露于室外空气污染物和垃圾粉尘环境中。接触组员工的翼状胬肉、血压偏高、心律失常检出率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.84、19.94、7.32,P<0.01),结膜结石、双下鼻甲水肿、咽滤泡、运动系统畸形、皮肤异常、肺部炎症和陈旧性肺结核、不完全性右束支传导阻滞检出率也高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.70、4.96、4.80、5.09、4.66、5.09、5.25,P<0.05或0.01)。结论室外作业环境职业病危害因素复杂,环卫工人有相对特异的发病谱和发病率,只有将危害因素控制在较低水平内,才能有效降低职业病危害因素对机体的影响。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of occupational hazards of sanitation workers and their health status in order to find out the types and degree of harmful factors and to prevent high risk factors. Methods Taking the first-line sweeping workers of the municipal sanitation station inspected by Jiangmen Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Center in 2011 as the contact group and the administrative and logistic staffs of many enterprises in the city as control group to investigate the harmful factors of the sanitation workers’ working environment, the statistical analysis of two groups of employees Routine examination, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, hepatobiliary B ultrasound and other items inspection data. Results The detected value of air pollutants in Jiangmen City was lower than the concentration limit, and the air quality was good. However, sanitation workers were exposed to outdoor air pollutants and litter dust environment for a long time. The contact group of workers with pterygium, high blood pressure, arrhythmia detection rate was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 27.84,19.94,7.32, P <0.01), conjunctival calculi, double inferior turbinate edema, pharynx Follicular, motor system deformity, skin abnormalities, lung inflammation and old tuberculosis, incomplete right bundle branch block detection rate was also higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 3.70,4.96,4.80, 5.09, 4.66, 5.09, 5.25, P <0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions The occupational hazards in outdoor work environment are complex, and sanitation workers have relatively specific disease spectrum and incidence. Only when the harmful factors are controlled at a low level, the impact of occupational hazards on the body can be effectively reduced.