Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that provide energy for the cell.They form a dynamic tubular network and play an important role in maintaining the cell function and integrity.Heart is a powerful organ that supplies the motivation for circulation,thereby requiring large amounts of energy.Thus,the healthiness of cardiomyocytes and mitochondria is necessary for the normal cardiac function.Mitochondria not only lie in the center of the cell apoptotic pathway,but also are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.Mitochondrial morphological change includes fission and fusion that are regulated by a large number of proteins.In this review we discuss the regulators of mitochondrial fission/fusion and their association with cell apoptosis,autophagy and ROS production in the heart.