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目的调查枣庄市2003年哮喘患病率及相关因素。方法采取分层随机整群抽样调查的方法,选择6个点,抽样人口16725人,应检15834人,实检10610人。结果调查检出支气管哮喘患者128例,全市总患病率为1.21%,儿童患病率为2.02%,成人患病率为0.90%,儿童患病率明显高于成人患病率(χ2=21.39,P<0.01)。男女患病率分别为1.08%、1.32%,男女比为1∶1.22。儿童哮喘首次发病年龄7岁前占77.97%,成人哮喘15岁前首次发病者占36.23%。相关因素分析显示,上呼吸道感染(OR=17.81,95%CI12.25～25.89)、冷空气刺激(OR=3.43,95%CI2.41～4.90)、油烟及刺激性气体(OR=2.56,95%CI1.80～3.63)、吸入变应原(OR=2.74,95%CI1.80～4.17)为主要诱因;哮喘患者有过敏史者65.63%(OR=21.69),有哮喘家族史者25.78%(OR=73.96)。结论调查获得了枣庄市哮喘患病率和相关因素,儿童哮喘患病率明显高于成人;全部患者在儿童期首次发病约占2/3;因此,应在儿童期进行哮喘筛查诊断,并给予早期干预。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of asthma in Zaozhuang in 2003. Methods Taken stratified random cluster sampling method, 6 points were selected, with a sample population of 16,725, of which 15,834 should be inspected and 10,610 were tested. Results A total of 128 bronchial asthma patients were detected. The overall prevalence was 1.21% in the city, 2.02% in children and 0.90% in adults. The prevalence of children was significantly higher than that of adults (χ2 = 21.39 , P <0.01). The prevalence rates of males and females were 1.08% and 1.32% respectively, and the ratio of males to females was 1: 1.22. The first onset of childhood asthma was 77.97% before 7 years of age, and the first onset of adult asthma was 36.23% before 15 years of age. Correlation analysis showed that upper respiratory tract infection (OR = 17.81,95% CI12.25-25.89), cold air stimulation (OR = 3.43,95% CI2.41-4.90), fume and irritant gas (OR = 2.56,95 % CI 1.80-3.63), inhaled allergens (OR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.80-4.17) were the main inducing factors; asthmatics had a history of allergy 65.63% (OR = 21.69), family history of asthma 25.78% (OR = 73.96). Conclusion The prevalence of asthma and related factors in Zaozhuang City were investigated. The prevalence of asthma in children was significantly higher than that in adults. The incidence of first onset in all children was about two thirds. Therefore, asthma screening should be performed in childhood and Give early intervention.