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象NaCl、KI这些物质,在化学上称为离子化合物。这类物质包括大多数的无机盐类和许多金属氧化物。它们的特征是:在通常情况下,大多数是晶体。它们的熔点和沸点都很高,熔化时能导电,有的离子化合物能溶于水中,其水溶液也能导电。总之,导电性是它们的重要特征。为什么这些物质在熔融状态或水溶液中能导电呢?根据近代的观点,认为这些物质中都包含两种电荷相反的离子——正离子和负离子。如在氯化钠晶体内,就有氯离子(Cl~-)和钠离子(Na~+)。这种由正离子和负离子组成的物质称为离子化合物。
Such as NaCl, KI these substances, chemically known as ionic compounds. These include most inorganic salts and many metal oxides. They are characterized by: In most cases, most are crystalline. They have high melting and boiling points, are conductive when melted, and some are soluble in water and their aqueous solutions are electrically conductive. In short, the conductivity is their important feature. Why do these substances conduct electricity in the molten state or in aqueous solution? According to modern view, these substances are considered to contain two oppositely charged ions, positive ions and negative ions. As in the sodium chloride crystals, there are chloride (Cl ~ -) and sodium (Na ~ +). This is composed of positive ions and negative ions called ionic compounds.