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目的了解和掌握遵义市汇川区近5年肺结核病疫情概况及流行特征,为防控肺结核病提供科学依据。方法收集遵义市汇川区2011—2015年肺结核病相关数据,运用描述流行病学方法对肺结核病流行病学特征进行分析。结果遵义市汇川区2011—2015年共报告肺结核病2 863例,年平均报告发病率为129.01/10万,总体发病率呈逐年下降趋势,地区分布以城区及城乡接合部的发病率较高,最高为高桥镇(225.61/10万),其次为上海路办事处(223.81/10万),发病率最低的是团泽镇(58.04/10万)。全年均有发病,无明显季节性,发病最高月份为3月,最低为12月。年龄分布最高为20~30岁组,占21.87%,最低为0岁组,占1.61%。男女性别比为1.59∶1,职业分类以农民最多(1 371例),占总发病数的47.89%,其次为家务及待业(500例),占总发病数的17.46%。结论遵义市汇川区肺结核发病率总体稳定,呈逐年下降趋势,应重点开展以流动人员、农民、学生及男性人群为主的防控工作,遏制肺结核病的流行。
Objective To understand and grasp the general situation and epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis in the past five years in Huichuan District of Zunyi and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Methods The data of tuberculosis from 2011 to 2015 in Huichuan District of Zunyi were collected and the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 2 863 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in Huichuan District of Zunyi from 2011 to 2015, with an average annual incidence rate of 129.01 / 100 000. The overall incidence showed a decreasing trend year by year. The distribution of urban areas and the junction between urban and rural areas was higher , Up to Takahashi (225.61 / 100,000), followed by Shanghai Road Office (223.81 / 100,000), and the lowest incidence was Tuanze (58.04 / 100,000). The incidence of all year round, no significant seasonal, the highest incidence of March for the month, the lowest for December. The highest age distribution of 20 to 30 years old group, accounting for 21.87%, the lowest for the 0-year-old group, accounting for 1.61%. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.59: 1, and the occupational classification was peasants (1 371 cases), accounting for 47.89% of the total cases, followed by housework and unemployed (500 cases), accounting for 17.46% of the total cases. Conclusion The incidence of tuberculosis in Huichuan District of Zunyi City was generally stable and showed a declining trend year by year. Key prevention and control measures should be given to migrant workers, peasants, students and male population to curb the prevalence of tuberculosis.