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采用滤纸色斑法、Ellison溅蚀杯法于2013年5月至7月在西双版纳热带植物园橡胶复合农林示范区测定了不同种植模式胶农复合林下雨滴分布、土壤潜在溅蚀率。结果表明:(1)单层橡胶林,橡胶-茶叶、橡胶-咖啡、橡胶-可可、橡胶-千斤拔等复合林下单位降雨能量分别为28.39、7.07、18.13、14.77和8.37 J m-2mm-1,说明胶农复合系统林能有效降低穿透雨动能;(2)胶农复合系统林下土壤溅蚀率小于单层橡胶林。橡胶-茶叶,橡胶-咖啡,橡胶-可可,橡胶-千斤拔等复合林下的潜在土壤溅蚀率分别为单层橡胶林的0.27、0.77、0.46、0.64倍;(3)土壤溅蚀率与降雨动能呈显著的正相关关系。胶农复合系统能够有效降低林下土壤溅蚀率以及单位雨量动能,因此合理的推广胶农复合系统,既能带来一定的经济效益,同时也可以缓解西双版纳地区水土流失的现状。
The filter paper stain method and Ellison splash cup method were used to measure the raindrop distribution and the potential soil erosion rate in rubber-agroforestry demonstration zone in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden from May to July in 2013. The results showed that: (1) The unit rainfall energy of single layer rubber plantation, rubber-tea plantation, rubber-coffee plant, rubber-cacao plantation and rubber plantation plantation were 28.39,7.07,18.13,14.77 and 8.37 J m-2mm- 1, indicating that the agroforestry system can effectively reduce the rain penetration kinetic energy; (2) the soil erosion rate under the agroforestry system is less than that of the monolayer rubber plantation. The potential soil erosion rates of rubber-tea leaves, rubber-coffee, rubber-cocoa, rubber-jackscrew and other composite forests were 0.27,0.77,0.46,0.64 times that of single-layer rubber plantation respectively. (3) Rainfall kinetic energy showed a significant positive correlation. The agroforestry system can effectively reduce the rate of soil erosion under the forest and the kinetic energy per unit rainfall. Therefore, to promote the agroforestry system can not only bring certain economic benefits, but also alleviate the current situation of soil and water loss in Xishuangbanna.