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目的通过调查新疆某铁路局2000—2014年职业伤害事故流行病学特征,找出伤害发生的规律与特点,以制定针对性的干预措施。方法整合新疆某铁路局2000年1月1日—2014年12月31日期间职业伤害事故登记资料,采用SPSS 17.0对发生伤害事故职工的年龄、性别、单位、时间及伤害事故类型、原因分布进行统计描述,并对职业伤害造成的劳动力损失总和与经济损失总量进行统计分析。结果新疆某铁路局15年间职业伤害平均发生率为0.37‰,死亡率为0.028‰。不同季节间以夏季(28.28%)最高,冬季(21.28%)最低;周日间分布以星期三(17.20%)最多,星期日(9.91%)最低。在职业伤害发生的各类原因中,因违章作业造成伤害者最多,占伤害总人数的65.89%。职业伤害所造成的工天损失合计170 888 d,年平均损失工天11 392.53 d。结论为减少职业伤害的发生率和死亡率,维护职工自身的安全健康和企业的良性发展,建议综合采取工程干预、管理干预、个人干预的职业伤害干预措施。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of occupational injury accidents in a railway bureau in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2014 and find out the regularity and characteristics of the injuries so as to make targeted interventions. Methods The registration data of occupational injury accidents of a railway bureau in Xinjiang from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2014 were integrated. The age, sex, unit, time and the type of injury accidents were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 Statistical description, and statistical analysis of the total labor loss caused by occupational injuries and total economic losses. Results The average incidence of occupational injuries among railways in Xinjiang in 15 years was 0.37 ‰, with a mortality rate of 0.028 ‰. Among different seasons, the highest was in summer (28.28%) and lowest in winter (21.28%), the highest was in Wednesday (17.20%) and the lowest was in Sunday (9.91%). Among the various causes of occupational injuries, the most victims of illegal work, accounting for 65.89% of the total number of injuries. Occupational injuries caused by the total number of days lost 170 888 d, the average annual loss of 11 392.53 d. Conclusion To reduce the incidence and mortality of occupational injuries and safeguard their own safety and health and the healthy development of enterprises, it is suggested that occupational injury interventions should be comprehensively taken with engineering intervention, management intervention and individual intervention.