固－液界面（主要指电化学界面）是进行物理化学过程的重要场所，而界面的微观结构起着十分关键的作用．电化学扫描探针显微镜（ＥＣＳＰＭ）已成为研究固－液界面结构的有力的工具．主要包括电化学扫描隧道显微镜（ＥＣＳＴＭ）、电化学原子力显微镜（ＥＣＡＦＭ）和扫描电化学显微镜（ＳＥＣＭ）．结合实验室近年来的研究工作和最新结果，从方法论的角度讨论ＥＣＳＰＭ特点、固－液体系在ＥＣＳＰＭ表面研究和表面修饰加工中所具有的独特优势以及研究动向． Solid-liquid interface (mainly electrochemical interface) is an important place for physical and chemical processes, and interface microstructure plays a crucial role. Electrochemical scanning probe microscopy (ECSPM) has become a powerful tool for studying solid-liquid interface structures. Mainly including electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope (ECSTM), electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy (ECAFM) and scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). Based on the recent research work and the latest results in the laboratory, the characteristics of ECSPM are discussed from the perspective of methodology. The unique advantages and research trends of solid-liquid systems in ECSPM surface modification and surface modification are discussed.